Brain and Behavior

ImportancePrognosticating functional independence after an acute stroke is critical for anticipatory guidance and rehabilitation planning. Here we demonstrate that poor brain health at the time of incident stroke is linked to worse functional outcomes for women compared to men. ObjectiveTo determine if brain health at time of stroke presentation has a differential effect on functional outcomes between men and women. DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study. SettingAnalysis conducted in 2025 ...

BackgroundLarge middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarctions can result in life-threatening cerebral edema. Quantitative brain atrophy may improve risk stratification for severe edema. We examined whether quantitative brain atrophy is associated with severe midline shift after large ischemic stroke and whether incorporating atrophy improves prediction beyond established clinical and radiographic predictors. MethodsThis was a retrospective observational cohort study of patients with [≥][1/2] MCA ...

IntroductionThe ischaemic penumbra is the principal therapeutic target in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Although perfusion imaging enables identification of salvageable tissue, its availability is limited and iodinated contrast exposure carries risk. Validated blood-based biomarkers could serve as scalable surrogates for imaging-defined penumbra. ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between blood-based biomarkers reported in the literature and th...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly sports- and recreational activity related mild TBI (mTBI), is common in young adults and can be followed by persistent attentional and executive complaints. This study investigated chronic ([≥]6 months post-injury) structural brain alterations in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) and their associations with self-reported inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, with a focus on sex-differentiated patterns. Structural brain properties in gr...

IntroductionThe 2024 McDonald criteria incorporate the central vein sign (CVS) and paramagnetic rim lesions (PRL) as supportive imaging biomarkers for MS diagnosis. While susceptibility-weighted-imaging (SWI) and T2*-weighted echo-planar-imaging (EPI) are generally used to assess CVS/PRL, their relative performance remains unclear. This study compared high-resolution isotropic-T2*-EPI with non-isotropic SWI for CVS/PRL detection. Materials and MethodsIn this multi-centre study, 21 patients with...

IntroductionIdiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a partially reversible neurological disorder in which imaging biomarkers support diagnosis and surgical decision-making. The callosal angle (CA) is one of the most robust radiological markers of iNPH and has also been associated with postoperative shunt outcome. However, several manual measurement variants exist and artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools now enable automatic CA measurement. Materials and MethodsIn total 71 patient...

The present study presents a systematic approach for generating data-driven synthetic cerebral aneurysm geometries and evaluating their hemodynamics through computational fluid dynamics. Seven patient-specific aneurysm geometries from the right internal carotid artery were reconstructed from time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography images and standardized through orientation alignment, followed by non-rigid registration onto a common spherical point cloud as a template. Principal component ...

BackgroundMRI plays an essential role in diagnosing and monitoring neurological diseases. Conventional protocols rely on multiple sequences to obtain complementary contrasts, increasing scan time, cost, and tolerability. Generating multiple contrasts from a single acquisition may streamline workflow while maintaining clinical utility. PurposeTrain attention-based convolutional neural networks (ACNNs) to generate clinical-quality FLAIR, MPRAGE, R2*, and derived contrasts from a single Gradient E...

PurposeNeonatal imaging is particularly challenging because newborns have a high likelihood of head motion, which can degrade image quality and complicate interpretation. Improving MRI brain image quality may help reduce diagnostic uncertainty and facilitate the nuanced assessment of early myelinating structures in the neonatal brain. Although deep learning reconstruction algorithms designed to improve MRI image quality have been evaluated in pediatric imaging, they have not been specifically st...

PurposeAqueous humor drains fluid from the eye not only via the conventional pathway through the trabecular meshwork and Schlemms canal, but also within the eye is known to occur via pathways through the posterior chamber and optic nerve to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the optic nerve. The mechanism is poorly understood, and non-invasive method for evaluation in living humans has not been established. We previously showed that eye drops containing O-17-labeled water (H217O) distribu...

Background and Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for radiation therapy treatment planning is currently being used in many anatomical sites to better visualize soft tissue landmarks, a technique known as an MRI simulation. A core component of modern MRI simulation configurations are the use of external laser positioning systems (ELPS) to help set up the patient. Though necessary for accurate and reproducible patient setup, the ELPS, if left on during imaging, may interfere negatively with...

Repetitive head impacts (RHI) from contact and collision sports have been associated with later-life cognitive and neurobehavioral impairments, as well as neurodegenerative conditions such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). RHI-associated clinical sequelae among female former soccer players, specifically, are not well understood. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship of RHI exposure proxies (e.g., total years of soccer play, highest level of play, and estimated cum...

BackgroundDynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) enables non-invasive characterization of carotid atherosclerotic plaque. PurposeTo evaluate the performance and reproducibility of a simplified DCE-MRI quantification method for carotid plaque assessment. MethodsT1-weighted black-blood DCE-MRI of the carotid arteries at 3T was performed at baseline and after six months in patients with mild-to-moderate atherosclerotic lesions in a pilot placebo-controlled randomized trial...

ObjectivesFunctional neurological symptoms which do not meet clinical definitions of functional neurological disorder (FND) are common in clinical practice. Understanding the distinction between these benign functional symptoms and FND is crucial in defining FND as an entity for study, and as a clinical syndrome. We aimed to measure the frequency of functional symptoms in people who do not have FND. MethodsA survey was administered to 95 clinicians who attended an international conference on F...

Incidence patterns of post-acute sequelae, characterised by persistence or delayed onset after the acute phase of an infection, are not well documented after infectious disease outbreaks. Nipah virus was first detected in the 1998-1999 Malaysia outbreak and remains a significant public health concern due to its high epidemic potential and recurrent outbreaks in South Asia. We conducted a systematic review on the prevalence, incidence, duration, and characteristics of post-acute sequelae in survi...

AbstractsO_ST_ABSBackgroundC_ST_ABSSelf-management is essential for stroke survivors to maintain a healthy lifestyle and reduce recurrence risk. Although theory-based self-management interventions are widely recommended, the theoretical frameworks underpinning them and their comparative effectiveness remain unclear. AimsTo systematically identify the theories, models, and frameworks (TMFs) used in self-management interventions for stroke survivors, to explore how they guide interventions, and e...

PurposeIntracranial atherosclerotic disease-related large vessel occlusion (ICAD-LVO) presents distinct challenges, particularly regarding the high risk of reocclusion and the need for specific management strategies. While several prediction scores exist to differentiate ICAD-LVO from embolic LVO (EMB-LVO), their external validity remains unproven. We aimed to externally validate six established prediction scores for differentiating the two. MethodsWe analyzed data from a prospectively maintain...

BackgroundDystonia is a debilitating movement disorder that is difficult to assess when co-existing with spasticity, as is typical in cerebral palsy (CP). Querying caregivers about their childrens movements is known to increase clinical dystonia identification. However, beyond identification, determining whether dystonia is the predominant vs. accompanying movement feature in a child with CP can guide clinical decision making, particularly regarding surgical candidacy. ObjectiveTo determine whe...

Depression is a common and clinically significant mental health condition among university students, particularly those experiencing academic failure and course repetition, and is associated with adverse effects on cognitive functioning, emotional regulation, and academic performance. This study evaluated the efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) intervention, MoodGYM, in reducing depressive symptoms among repeating undergraduate students at the University of Zambia ...

Background: Platform trials are an efficient trial design which enable testing of multiple interventions simultaneously. They could advance knowledge of treatments for intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). We aimed to investigate the views of clinicians involved in stroke research on recruitment to a future platform trial for ICH. Methods: Between April and July 2025, we conducted a UK-wide online survey of clinicians actively involved in stroke research using convenience sampling through professiona...